Metformin – the basis of type 2 diabetes therapy
Due to its high efficacy and safety, metformin is currently the main drug prescribed to people with type 2 diabetes.
Metformin, which has been used in medicine for more than 50 years, is the only substance from the group of biguanides currently in use. Due to its multidirectional action, the drug effectively reduces glycemia (blood glucose levels) and has a positive effect on vascular health.
How does metformin work?
The mechanism of action of metformin, despite its long-term use, is not fully understood. However, the current state of knowledge indicates its multidirectional effect on lowering blood glucose levels.
The most important proven effects of metformin include:
inhibition of gluconeogenesis (glucose synthesis) in hepatocytes (liver cells), increased activity of glucose transporters GLUT–4, which transport glucose from the blood into the cell, and inhibition of glucose absorption from the middle part of the small intestine.
In addition, metformin increases the sensitivity of skeletal muscles to insulin, which additionally helps to maintain glucose levels at the correct level.
Metformin has a beneficial effect on blood vessels.
Due to its wide range of effects, metformin has beneficial effects on blood vessel health in addition to its effect on blood glucose levels. The drug suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the endothelium of blood vessels and suppresses the production of free radicals, which reduces the risk of damage to blood vessels.
Moreover, metformin helps maintain a proper plasma lipid profile by reducing the concentration of cholesterol, LDL lipoproteins (the so-called bad cholesterol) and triglycerides and increasing the concentration of HDL lipoproteins (the so-called good cholesterol), which reduces the risk of atherosclerosis.
How is metformin used?
Due to its long-term presence in drug kits for people with type 2 diabetes, Methomine is currently used in many therapeutic doses in oral preparations in the form of coated tablets and prolonged-release tablets. In addition, due to the fact that the drug is the basis of oral pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus, currently there are drugs of complex composition that combine metformin, including with new generation drugs (for example, acting on the incretin axis).
As a rule, film-coated metformin tablets are taken in divided doses 2 or 3 times a day with or after meals. Treatment begins with lower doses, which are gradually increased. However, it should be remembered that the doctor takes the dose and frequency of taking the drug.
The effectiveness of metformin in the treatment of diabetes.
Metformin has shown its effectiveness both in people with type 2 diabetes and in people with impaired glucose tolerance who experience delayed diabetes development after taking this medication. In addition, after the use of metformin, in addition to the effect of normalizing blood glucose levels, a decrease in the risk of diabetic complications, as well as the risk of heart attack and mortality from diabetes was found. An important feature of metformin is also the low risk of hypoglycemia.
Metformin is an additional action.
Scientific reports also show that using metformin does not increase body weight. There is also evidence that metformin reduces the risk of cancer. Research in this area is conducted in many research centers. It is also worth noting that metformin is used by women with polycystic ovary syndrome, where it improves ovulation frequency and increases the percentage of pregnant women. In addition, due to its effect on blood vessels, blood pressure decreased after taking metformin. Modern crypto players always search for platforms that provide immediate advantages to newcomers. 1xBit combines fast cryptocurrency transactions with competitive odds and exciting games. To make the most of your first deposit, activating a premium code is highly recommended. In the middle of this valuable promotion you will find the 1xbit promo code when registering and enjoy an enhanced welcome bonus. This support allows deeper exploration of the platform’s full potential.
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